Theory Of Machines Lab Instrument

Single Cylinder Four Stroke VCR Diesel With EGR

Description

The setup consists of single cylinder, four stroke, VCR (Variable Compression Ratio) Electric start Diesel engine connected to eddy current type dynamometer for loading. The compression ratio can be changed without stopping the engine and without altering the combustion chamber geometry by specially designed tilting cylinder block arrangement. Setup is provided with necessary instruments for combustion pressure and crank-angle measurements. These signals are interfaced to computer through engine indicator for PV diagrams. Provision is also made for interfacing airflow, fuel flow, temperatures and load measurement.

The set up has stand-alone panel box consisting of air box, two fuel tanks for blend test, manometer, fuel measuring unit, transmitters for air and fuel flow measurements, process indicator and engine indicator.

Rotameters are provided for cooling water and calorimeter water flow measurement.

The setup enables study of VCR engine performance with EGR for brake power, indicated power, frictional power, BMEP, IMEP, brake thermal efficiency, indicated thermal efficiency, Mechanical efficiency, volumetric efficiency, specific fuel consumption, A/F ratio and heat balance. Labview based Engine Performance Analysis software package is provided for on line performance evaluation.

A computerized Diesel injection pressure measurement is optionally provided

Features

• CR changing without stopping the engine
• No alteration in Combustion chamber geometry
• Water cooled EGR
• Electric start with battery and charger
• Arrangement for blend test
• PΘ-PV plots, performance plots and tabulated results
• Data logging, editing, printing and export, Configurable graphs

Range of Experiments

• Study of VCR engine performance (Computerized mode)
• Study of emissions with EGR variation
• Study of combustion with different fuel blends
• Study of pressure volume plot and indicated power

The rotor is connected to the variable speed motor. The weight of the motor is balanced by another weight, which is on either side of the rotor. By putting weights on the weight platform torque can be supplied to rotor, which is also called gyroscopic couple.

Specifications:

Vibration Lab Set Of 11 Experiment

Specifications:

1. Wide range of experiments.
2. Forced and Free Vibrations.
3. Damped and undamped vibrations.
4. Arrangements for variation of damping.
5. Sturdy storage cabinet.
6. Experiments easily assembled.
7. Covers experiments for undergraduate studies.
8. Scope for student projects.

Features:

Pendulum Experiments:

• Simple Pendulum.
• Compound Pendulum.
• Bi-filler Suspension.

Longitudinal Vibration Expiariment.

• Spring Mass System.
• Eciuivalent Spring Mass study of undarrped
• System free vibration

Torsional Vibration Experiment.

• Single Rotor Systern.
• Two Rotor System.
• Single Rotor with viscous darnping.

Damped Vibration Experiment.

• Verification of Dukerleys Rule.
• Forced rotor with viscous damping along with frictional HP Motor Strip chart recorder & control unit.
• A technical manual accompanies the equipment.

Services required:

• 230 V, A.C. stabilized supply along with earthing connection.
• Bench area 0.5m x 0.5m x 0.5m height.
• Tachometer to measure the jumping speed, (can be supplied extra)

This equipment is designed for carrying out the experiment for balancing a rotation mass system. The apparatus consists of a stainless steel shaft fixed in a rectangular frame. A set of four blocks with a clamping arrangement is provided. For static balancing, each block is individually clamped on shaft and its relative weight is found out using cord and container system in terms of number of steel balls. For dynamic balancing, a moment polygon is drawn using relative weights and angular and axial position of blocks is determined. The block are clamped on shaft is rotated by a motor to check dynamic balance of the system. The system is provided with angular and longitudinal scales and is suspended with chains for dynamic balancing.

Experiments:-

1. To balance the masses statically and dynamically of a single rotating mass system.

2. To observation of effect of unbalance in a rotating mass system.

Utilities: -

Electricity 0.5 kW, 220 V, Single Phase

Technical Specification: -

1. Drive Motor -- FHP Motor, variable speed, with speed controller

2. Balancing Weight -- 4 Nos. of Stainless Steel with different sized eccentric Mass for varying unbalance

3. Rotating Shaft -- Material Stainless Steel

4. The whole Set-up is well designed and arranged in a good quality painted Structure

DESCRIPTION:

The set-up is designed to study Coriolli's Component of Acceleration of a slider crank mechanism. Here the mechanical slider system is replaced by a continuous stream of water flowing through a steady rotating pair of tubes. These tubes can be rotated at various speeds by using a swinging field motor which also acts as dynamometer. A Perspex window on top of the tank gives clear view of the process and prevents splash of the water over the side of the tank. The dynamometer continuously measures torque applied to the rotating tubes. The equipments is self contained, water re-circulating, provided with its own speed control unit and water circulating pump.

EXPERIMENTATION:

• To determine Coriolli's Component of Acceleration at various speeds of rotation and water flow rates

UTILITIES REQUIRED:

• Water Supply. 
• Drain.
• Electricity supply: 220 V, Single Phase, 0.5 kW.

TECHNICAL DETAILS:

• Water Tank: Made of Stainless Steel
• Rotating Arms: 9mm/6mm orifice diameter, Length 300 mm.
• Rota meter: 250 to 2500 LPH
• Electric Motor: Swinging field, Variable speed.
• Pump: FHP for water circulation.
• Control Panel Comprises of: RPM measurement: RPM Indicator with Proximity sensor.
• Speed Control Unit.
• Standard make On/Off Switch, Mains Indicator, etc.
• Instruction Manual: An ENGLISH instruction manual will be provided along with the Apparatus
• The whole set-up is well designed and arranged in a good quality painted structure.

CONTROL PANEL: 

• Standard make on/off switch, Mains Indicator etc. 

SCOPE OF DELIVERY:

• 1 Self-contained “Coriollis Component Of Acceleration Apparatus With Digital Rpm Indicator” Apparatus

• 1 Instruction Manual consisting of experimental procedures, block diagram etc.

DESCRIPTION:

• To measure epicyclical gear ratio between input shaft and output shaft (Actual and Theoretical).
• To measure input torque, holding torque and output torque.

• Electricity Supply: 220 V AC, Single Phase, 0.5 kW.
• Floor Area: 1.5 x 2 m.3

• Internal Type Epicyclical Gear Train
• A Compact gear train (industrial)
• Motor: Variable speed motor, 1 HP.
• RPM Measurement: Digital RPM Indicator with proximity switch.
• Speed Control Unit: Variable Speed Drive for varying the speed of motor.Rope brake arrangement to measure output torque and holding torque.
• Instruction Manual: An ENGLISH instruction manual will be provided along With the Apparatus

• Standard make on/off switch, Mains Indicator etc.
  

• 1 Self-contained "Epicyclic Gear Train Apparatus" Apparatus
• 1 Instruction Manual consisting of experimental procedures, block diagram etc.

DESCRIPTION:

The apparatus consists of a plain steel shaft excavated in a bearing and directly driven by a FHP Motor. The bearing is freely supported on the shaft and sealed at the motor end. The speed of the motor is controlled by the speed control unit. One compound pressure gauge is mounted on bearing to measure the pressure at different position around the circumference. Bearing is free to rotate and can be adjusted at any position of circular scale. The bearing can be loaded by attaching weights to the arm supported beneath it.

EXPERIMENTATION:

• To study the pressure profile of lubricating oil at various conditions of load and speed.
• Plotting the Cartesian polar pressure curves.

UTILITIES REQUIRED:

• Electricity supply: 230 V AC, Single Phase, 0.5 kW.
• Area : 1.5 x 1.5
• Digital Tachometer
• Oil SAE 40 about 5 Ltrs.

TECHNICAL DETAILS:

• Journal : Diameter 50 mm
• Bearing : Diameter 55 mm
• Weights: 4 weights.
• Motor : Variable speed FHP Motor
• Control Panel: For speed control of motor.
• Oil recommended : SAE 40
• Pressure Gauge : Compound Pressure gauge (-1 to 1) Kg/cm2
• Instruction Manual : An ENGLISH instruction manual will be provided along with the Apparatus

OPTIONAL:

• Digital Tachometer

CONTROL PANEL:

• Standard make on/off switch, Mains Indicator etc.

SCOPE OF DELIVERY:

• 1 Self-contained “Journal Bearning Apparatus” Apparatus
• 1 Instruction Manual consisting of experimental procedures, block diagram etc.

The unit consists of a base upon which the bearing holders and driving motor are bearing can be fitted in a holders to end conditions for test shafts, viz. Both end fixed and one end free, one end fixed. A Variac provided control of driving motor. The unit demonstrates the phenomenon of whirling of shafts with single rotor. As the test is destructive, after the test cannot be used, hence the unit only demonstrates the principle.

However, results obtained are closer to theory, as compared to those with bare shafts. Also, It can be demonstrated that, after passing whirling speed, shaft again starts running true.

Specifications:

1. Test shaft - 4.75 mm, 6.35 mm and 7.9 mm - 2 each.
2. Bearing to provided end conditions, (a) Both ends fixed, (b) One end fixed and one end free.
3. Drive motor 1/8 HP, 1500 rpm with control arrangement.
4. The whole unit is mounted on a sturdy base.
5. Rotor for each shaft of suitable size.
6. A technical manual accompanies the unit.

Services required:

1. Floor space area of 2m. X 1m. at working height.
2. 230V, 15 A, AC electric supply connection.

• The set up consists of stainless steel disc mounted on a horizontal shaft, rotated by a variable speed motor. The rotor shaft is coupled to a motor mounted on a trunion frame having bearings in a yoke frame, which is free to rotate about vertical axis. A weight pan on other side of disc balances the weight of motor. Rotor disc can be move about three axis. Torque can be applied by calculating the weight and distance of weight from the centre of rotor. The gyroscopic couple can be determined.

• Experimental justification of the equation t = i. . P. For calculating the gyroscopic couple by observation and measurement of results for independent vibrations in applied couple t and precession p.
• To study the gyroscopic effect of a rotating disc.

• Electricity supply : 230 v ac, single phase, 0.5 kw
• Bench area : 1m x 1m
• Digital tachometer

• Disc: material: stainless steel, dia 300 mm x 10 mm thick precisely balanced which can be rotated in 3 mutually perpendicular axis.
• Motor: variable speed of standard make.
• Supplied with speed control unit.
• Weights: 2 kg, 1 kg, 500 gms.
• Stop watch : electronic
• Accurately marked scale & pointer to measure precession rate.
• Instruction manual : an english instruction manual will be provided along
• With the apparatus

• Digital tachometer

• Standard make on/off switch, mains indicator etc.

• 1 self-contained “motorized gyroscope apparatus” apparatus
• 1 instruction manual consisting of experimental procedures, block diagram etc.

• The set-up is designed to study the working of different governors normally used to control the speed. It consists of a main spindle, mounted vertically on the base plate. This spindle is driven by a variable speed motor which is also mounted vertically on the same base plate. One governor assembly out of four can be mounted on spindle. The spindle speed is controlled by speed control unit. A graduated scale is fitted to the sleeve to measure
• The displacement.

• Determination of characteristic curve of a sleeve position against speed of rotation for all governors.
• To study the effect of varying the mass of the center sleeve in porter and proell governor.
• To study the effect of varying the initial spring compression in hartnell governor.
• To study the determination of characteristics curves of radius of rotation against controlling force (actual & theoretical) for all governors.

• Electricity supply: 230 v ac, single phase, 0.5 kw.
• Floor space : 1.5 x 1.5 m
• Digital tachometer

• Spindle : material stainless steel
• Governor mechanism : four different types of governor mechanism with spring and
• Weights.

• Motor: variable speed, standard make, fhp motor.
• Control panel: for speed control of motor.
• Instruction manual : an english instruction manual will be provided along
• With the apparatus

• Digital tachometer

• Standard make on/off switch, mains indicator etc.

• 1 self-contained “universal governor apparatus” apparatus
• 1 instruction manual consisting of experimental procedures, block diagram etc.